技术

css 3D 转换

2020年6月14日 作者 张舫

1. 3D转换有什么特点

  • 近大远小
  • 物体后面遮挡看不见

2. 三维坐标系

  • x轴:向右                往右正值
  • y轴:向下                往下是正值
  • z轴:垂直屏幕        往屏幕外是正值

 

 

 

3.3D移动translate3d

3d于东在2d移动的基础上多加了一个可以移动的方向,就是Z轴方向

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div{
    width: 100px;
    height: 100px;
    background: red;
    /* 分写只有一个有效就是最后一个 */
    transform: translateX(100px);
    transform: translateY(100px);
    transform: translateZ(100px);   /*z轴只能使用px 如果想要translateZ在电脑上有效果需要借助 perspective (透视)属性 ,写在父盒子上*/
 
    /* 合写三个都有效 */
    transform: translateY(100px) translateX(100px) translateZ(100px);
 
    /*简写三个都有效 xyz 不能省略 没有就写0*/
    transform: translate3d(100px ,100px ,100px);
}

4.透视 perspective

  • 如果想要在网页产生3D效果需要透视
  • 模拟人类视觉位置,可以为安排一只眼睛去看
  • 透视我们也称为视距:视距就是人的眼睛到屏幕的距离
  • 距离视觉点越近的在电脑平面成像越大,越远越小
  • 透视的单位是px

 

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body{
    perspective: 2000px;
}
div{
    width: 100px;
    height: 100px;
    background: red;
    /* 分写只有一个有效就是最后一个 因为覆盖了*/
    transform: translateX(100px);
    transform: translateY(100px);
    transform: translateZ(100px);   /*z轴只能使用px 如果想要translateZ在电脑上有效果需要借助 perspective (透视)属性 ,写在父盒子上*/
 
    /* 合写三个都有效 */
    transform: translateY(100px) translateX(100px) translateZ(100px);
 
    /*简写三个都有效 xyz 不能省略 没有就写0*/
    transform: translate3d(500px ,100px ,400px);
}

5.3d旋转

左手准则

  • 左手的大拇指拇指向X(YZ)轴的正方向
  • 其余手指弯曲的方向就是该元素沿着X(YZ)旋转的正方向

 

 

 

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/*分写只有一个有效就是最后一个,因为覆盖了*/
transform: rotateX(180deg);
transform: rotateY(180deg);
transform: rotateZ(180deg);
/*组合写*/
transform: rotateX(180deg) rotateY(180deg) rotateZ(180deg);
transform: rotate3d(1,0,0,45deg); /*前三个参数代表是否沿该轴旋转,最后一个代表旋转度数不常用*/

 

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<!doctype html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport"
          content="width=device-width, user-scalable=no, initial-scale=1.0, maximum-scale=1.0, minimum-scale=1.0">
    <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge">
    <title>Document</title>
    <style>
        body {
            perspective: 2000px;
        }
 
        div {
            margin: 200px auto;
            width: 100px;
            height: 100px;
            background: red;
        }
 
        div:hover {
            transition: all 1s;
            transform: rotateX(180deg);
        }
    </style>
</head>
<body>
<div></div>
</body>
</html>

6.transform-style控制子元素是否开启3D环境

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<!doctype html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport"
          content="width=device-width, user-scalable=no, initial-scale=1.0, maximum-scale=1.0, minimum-scale=1.0">
    <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge">
    <title>Document</title>
    <style>
        .box{
            width: 200px;
            height: 200px;
            margin: 200px auto;
            position: relative;
            perspective: 1000px;
            transform-style: preserve-3d;   /*控制子元素是否开启3D环境,默认flat*/
        }
        .box:hover{
            transition: all 2s;             /*应该是定义动画时间*/
            transform: rotateY(30deg);
        }
        .box div{
            width: 100%;
            height: 100%;
            position: absolute;
            top: 0;
        }
        .box div:first-child{
            background: red;
            transform: rotateX(60deg);
        }
        .box div:last-child{
            background: blue;
        }
    </style>
</head>
<body>
<div class="box">
    <div></div>
    <div></div>
</div>
</body>
</html>

7.旋转盒子小案例

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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
    <style>
        .box{
            width: 300px;
            height: 300px;
            margin: 200px auto;
            position: relative;
            transform-style: preserve-3d;
 
        }
        .box:hover{
            transition: all 1s;
            transform: rotateY(180deg);
        }
        .box div{
            width: 100%;
            height: 100%;
            border-radius: 50%;
            text-align: center;
            color: #fff;
            font-size: 15px;
            line-height: 300px;
            position: absolute;
            top: 0;
            left: 0;
        }
        .box div:first-child{
            z-index: 1;
            background: red;
        }
        .box div:last-child{
            background: blue;
            transform: rotateY(180deg);
        }
    </style>
</head>
<body>
 
<div class="box">
    <div> 旋转盒子</div>
    <div>张舫做</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>

8.旋转导航小案例

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<!doctype html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport"
          content="width=device-width, user-scalable=no, initial-scale=1.0, maximum-scale=1.0, minimum-scale=1.0">
    <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge">
    <title>Document</title>
    <style>
        ul{
            list-style: none;
 
        }
        li{
            width: 100px;
            height: 35px;
            position: relative;
            transform-style: preserve-3d;
            perspective: 10000px;
            float: left;
            margin-left:10px;
        }
        li:hover{
            transition: all 0.2s;
            transform: rotateX(90deg);
        }
        li >div{
            width: 100%;
            height: 100%;
            position: absolute;
            top: 0;
            left: 0;
        }
        li >div:first-child{
            background: red;
            transform: translateZ(17.5px);
        }
        li >div:last-child{
            background: blue;
            transform: translateY(17.5px)  rotateX(-90deg);
 
        }
    </style>
</head>
<body>
 
<ul>
    <li class="box">
        <div>nihao1</div>
        <div>123</div>
    </li>
    <li class="box">
        <div>234</div>
        <div>123</div>
    </li>
    <li class="box">
        <div>234</div>
        <div>345</div>
    </li>
</ul>
 
</body>
</html>

9.旋转木马小案例

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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<style>
    body {
        perspective: 50000px;
    }
 
    .box {
        margin: 200px auto;
        height: 300px;
        width: 1200px;
        position: relative;
        transform-style: preserve-3d;
        transform: rotateX(-10deg);
        /*将zf-rotate动画添加,时长3s,匀速运动,无限循环 */
        animation: zf-rotate 3s linear infinite;
    }
 
    /**
     * 定义一个旋转动画
     */
    @keyframes zf-rotate {
        0%{
            transform: rotateY(0) rotateX(-10deg);
        }
        100%{
            transform: rotateY(360deg) rotateX(-10deg);
        }
    }
 
    .box:hover{
        /*停止动画*/
        animation-play-state: paused;
    }
 
    .box div {
        width: 350px;
        height: 300px;
        position: absolute;
        top: 0;
        left: 425px;
    }
 
    .box div:nth-child(1) {
        background: red;
    }
 
    .box div:nth-child(2) {
        background: blue;
        transform: translateZ(350px);
    }
 
    .box div:nth-child(3) {
        background: black;
        transform: translateX(-350px) translateZ(350px) rotateY(-45deg);
    }
 
    .box div:nth-child(4) {
        background: yellow;
        transform: translateX(-350px) rotateY(-90deg);
    }
 
    .box div:nth-child(5) {
        background: green;
        transform: translateX(-350px) translateZ(-350px) rotateY(-135deg);
    }
 
    .box div:nth-child(6) {
        background: aqua;
        transform: translateZ(-350px) rotateY(-180deg);
    }
 
    .box div:nth-child(7) {
        background: blueviolet;
        transform: translateX(350px) translateZ(-350px) rotateY(-225deg);
    }
 
    .box div:nth-child(8) {
        background: lightcoral;
        transform: translateX(350px) rotateY(-270deg);
    }
 
    .box div:nth-child(9) {
        background: peachpuff;
        transform: translateX(350px) translateZ(350px) rotateY(-315deg);
    }
 
 
</style>
 
<div class="box">
    <div></div>
    <div></div>
    <div></div>
    <div></div>
    <div></div>
    <div></div>
    <div></div>
    <div></div>
    <div></div>
</div>
</body>
</html>

10.浏览器素有前缀

  • -moz-     :代表firefox浏览器素有属性
  • -ms-       :代表ie浏览器私有属性
  • -webkit- :代表safari ,chrome浏览器素有属性
  • -o-          :代表opera浏览器素有属性

提倡写法

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-moz-border-radius: 10px;       /*兼容firefox*/
-ms-border-radius: 10px;        /*兼容ie*/
-webkit-border-radius: 10px;    /*兼容safari chrome*/
-o-border-radius: 10px;         /*兼容opera*/
border-radius: 10px;

 

 

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